
Cyprus lies in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia). The island is a total of 9,250 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus). There is 648 km's of coastline. The climate is temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters. Languages used in Cyprus are Greek, Turkish and English. The capital city is Nicosia.
A former British colony, Cyprus received independence in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek-sponsored attempt to seize the government was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island.
In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," but it is recognized only by Turkey. The latest two-year round of UN-brokered direct talks - between the leaders of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities to reach an agreement to reunite the divided island - ended when the Greek Cypriots rejected the UN settlement plan in an April 2004 referendum.
The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the areas under direct Republic of Cyprus control. At present, every Cypriot carrying a Cyprus passport has the status of a European citizen; however, EU laws do not apply to north Cyprus. Nicosia continues to oppose EU efforts to establish direct trade and economic links to north Cyprus as a way of encouraging the Turkish Cypriot community to continue to support reunification.
There are two major international airports in Cyprus, Larnaca International and Paphos International. Many major airline companies fly to Cyprus, including British Airways, Cyprus Airways, KLM and Olympic Airlines, amongst others.
Larnaca International Airport is located in the southeast of the island near the popular resort of the same name and receives a lot of air traffic in the summer months, mainly from the UK, Scandinavia and Germany. Larnaca Airport has one terminal and is busiest from May to November. Intercity buses provide public transport to Larnaca and other towns and cities in Cyprus, while there are also taxis operating from outside the terminal.
Paphos International Airport is located in the west of the island and serves the nearby resorts of Limassol and Coral Bay. Paphos Airport is a small facility with minimal services, but it receives about 1.5-million passengers per year who mainly arrive on flights operated by charter airlines. Situated just east of the city, buses provide access to Paphos and other nearby resorts, while taxis will take you anywhere you want to go.
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